Today, thanks to the civil-rights movement, white guilt is propriety—an utterly invisible code that defines decency in our culture with thousands of little protocols we no longer even think about.

The vertical flows (and protocols) are in-system and the horizontal message flows (and protocols) are between systems. The message flows are governed by rules, and data formats specified …

The computers within a network may use vastly different software and hardware; however, the use of protocols enables them to communicate with each other regardless.

Protocol generally means an official set of procedures for what actions to take in a certain situation. Protocol has many specific uses, but most of them deal with such a plan or the …

Jan 7, 2026 · Network protocols work by dividing communication tasks into layers, where each layer performs a specific function to ensure successful data transmission. Communication is …

Dec 26, 2025 · Protocols are established by international or industrywide organizations. Perhaps the most important computer protocol is OSI (Open Systems Interconnection), a set of …

Interaction protocols model the flow of the interaction and the message contents, and the ontology defines the semantics of each message. Therefore, agent designers are faced with a choice of …